Withcall
Withcall was a medieval settlement of some sophistication. There were wells sunk at spring heads to provide water for the population and their livestock. There are two moated sites, one for the manor house and the other for the homestead. Some of the remains can be seen at ground level as undulations in fields while some are only visible in aerial photographs. Field boundaries, enclosures, terraces, trackways, stone foundations and old quarries have all been identified, building an image of a busy, thriving settlement. In modern times the Louth to Bardney railway also ran through Withcall, with a busy station attracting local goods and passenger traffic. The start of the long tunnel which cuts under the Wolds begins at Withcall.
Bluestone Heath Road
The intriguingly named Bluestone Heath Road is an ancient routeway that predates recorded history. The road is one of the highest in the Wolds, skirting on the southern edge of the escarpment. There are many prehistoric burial sites alongside the route dating from the Neolithic (4,000 to 2,000 BC) to the Bronze Age (2,000 to 800 BC). Overlooking the valleys and often near springs, these long barrows, round barrows and burial enclosures indicate the importance of this route in both life and afterlife.
Red Hill
As you cycle towards Red Hill Nature Reserve you will see a plateau of grassland on your right. This area, along with the roadside verges, is an ancient fragment of chalk downland. The short springy grass and areas of thicker scrub are home to a myriad of small creatures and plants. During the summer months yellow-wort, basil thyme, kidney vetch as well as pyramidal, bee and common spotted orchids all thrive here. As you walk along the paths on the reserve your arrival may trigger the flight of many species of butterflies and moths, in particular you might disturb clouds of the red and black six-spotted burnet moths. The grasses are managed through seasonal hay cutting and, where possible, livestock grazing.
Just below the escarpment the origin of the name Red Hill becomes clear, for here is a face of Red Chalk, which is only found in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire and Norfolk. The chalk was deposited in a warm tropical sea around 100 million years ago and is comprised of tiny shells of plankton. The red colour is the residue of iron-rich mud that was originally washed off the land and into the sea. The cliff face is unstable and should not be climbed, however at the foot of the cliff, fragments of fossils can be found such as squid-like belemnites and clam-like brachipods.
Louth to Bardney Railway
The old Station House at Hallington used to be part of the former Louth to Bardney railway line. Completed in 1876, it linked the East Lincolnshire line (Grimsby to Boston) with the line along the River Witham from Lincoln to Boston. Its 20 mile course through the Wolds included two long tunnels under the Bluestone Heath Road and the Caistor High Street. Goods moved on the line included agricultural supplies, equipment and animals as well as armaments for the local bomber airfields. Perhaps the most unusual export were the bunches of white violets picked from an area of nearby embankment and sent to London. The line was never profitable - the last passenger train ran in 1951 and the last goods train in 1960.